explainers

A 3,000-word deep dive into the math of generative art. From Stable Diffusion to the 2025 Video Generation revolution.

A 3,500-word deep dive into the Transformer architecture. How 'Attention' replaced the RNN and paved the way for AGI in 2025.

A 3,000-word deep dive into Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback. From PPO to the 2025 DPO revolution.

A 3,500-word deep dive into how machines learn. From Supervised Learning to the 2025 'Self-Supervised' and 'Nested Learning' revolutions.

A 4,000-word deep dive into the most controversial prediction in science. Why the 2025 acceleration has brought the 'intelligence explosion' forward.

A 3,000-word deep dive into the technology behind self-driving cars and facial recognition. From CNNs to the 2025 Vision Transformer revolution.

A 3,000-word philosophical deep dive. Exploring John Searle’s classic argument in the age of GPT-5 and the 'Simulation vs. Reality' debate.

A 3,000-word deep dive into tokenization. Exploring BPE, WordPiece, SentencePiece, and the economics of the 'Context Window' in 2025.

A 3,000-word deep dive into the architecture, history, and mathematics of neural networks. From Perceptrons to Multimodal Transformers.

A CTO's guide to customizing LLMs. We break down the cost, latency, and accuracy trade-offs of the two dominant paradigms in enterprise AI.

A masterclass in modern AI. We explain Self-Attention, Positional Encodings, and Feed-Forward Networks in plain English with deep technical accuracy.